Due to some common interests between German and Russian aristocracy ( the Russians even had aristocrats in their past not to mention they had an Empress called Catherine the Great, as great as this German count's heiresses… ), it is not strange that [展开全部]
Due to some common interests between German and Russian aristocracy ( the Russians even had aristocrats in their past not to mention they had an Empress called Catherine the Great, as great as this German count's heiresses… ), it is not strange that this Teutonic count has understood and even enjoyed Herr S. M. Eisenstein's "Staroye I Novoye". It is not very usual that for the aristocracy to enjoy Bolshevist films full of proletarian demands that put private property at risk or as it happens in this case, a film about the Communist Party's policy on the subject of the collectivization of the Soviet agriculture. Normally this would be perfect gibberish for this German count, but thanks to Herr Eisenstein 's greatness and directorial talent, the hardships of the heroine of the film, Dame Marfa ( Dame Marfa Lapkina ) breached even the thick aristocratic Schloss walls. And that's one of the first remarkable aspects of this oeuvre; in spite of the political subject of the film, the powerful images and lyricism ( astonishing and beautiful shot compositions ), especially during the first part of the movie, preserve the artistic merits entirely while serving a propaganda purpose. The second remarkable aspect of the film is the dichotomy between the old and new, the fight to improve the lot of Dame Marfa and her countrymen. There are many discussions because it is not easy even in Russia to change ancient and conservative customs. There are superb metaphors and social criticism ( illiteracy, bureaucracy, religiosity ) which perfectly fit the film, and last but not least, "Staroye I Novoye", is a kind of archaic documentary about ancient customs established deeply in old Russia, those ones that our heroine must fight against. And there is also a lot about agriculture ( very enlightening for this German count), especially about harvesting and how to fatten Russian cows or pigs ( literally, no pun here… ). Herr Eisenstein had to bear during the last era of his film career, unbelievable censorship and mutilation of his work, as happens with "Staroye I Novoye". The film was reedited and Eisenstein accused of sympathizing with Trostky's policies but fortunately the film was restored and showed by the German-frenchified t.v. channel "ARTE", natürlich!, including an evocative music score by Herr Taras Bujewski, that fits superbly Herr Eisenstein primal artistic interests. And now, if you'll allow me, I must temporarily take my leave because this German Count must buy a tractor for one of his Teutonic heiress.《总路线》下载观后评论:在贫苦的农村一个女孩需要一匹马来耕地,她跑去富农家借但富农完全不理睬。党的政策到了农村,她和几个农民积极响应,但集体化改造的路线一开始还是只有极少农民支持。后来在农民们亲眼目睹了奶油分离机的功效,开始踊跃加入公社。公社买了第一头奶牛,然后又买了母牛,开始了养殖业。在公社中农民们渐渐学会合作,效率不断提高。公社决定购买一台拖拉机,但克服城里的官僚主义花了很长时间。新买来的拖拉机一度出现故障,努力修好后它展现出了无穷的力量,翻山越岭,碾平了象征旧制度的藩篱。影片最后展现出无数台拖拉机集体前进的图景,点出工农一体的“总路线”。相比爱森斯坦前几部片里无比快速的剪辑,这部就友好得多了。有些镜头非常喜感:奶油分离器开始产出奶油时围观农民的惊喜、两头牛交配时的波涛汹涌、面对官僚主义时的爆炸画面……苏联农业集体化宣传片,少了些激烈对抗,多了些田园诗意,用一个农村劳动妇女做主角串联全片。如果爱森斯坦拍出的本片符合当时社会真实的话,那只能证明苏联在农业改造领域存在严重的指导思想问题。电影开篇指出农民贫穷的原因是兄弟分家导致分散经营,农民有土地但缺少农具和牲畜,只能依靠人力耕种,实际上要解决的是效率问题,而不是吃不上饭,不涉及阶级剥削问题。而政府在农村并没有基层组织,在城市的官僚机构缺乏同情心。苏联农村需要的是机械现代化改造生产力,而盲目地追求集体化形式只会适得其反,阻碍农民的生产积极性。朗西埃评价:爱森斯坦的成功得益于善用大众的集体无意识代表新生苏维埃势力追随者的孱弱女人与代表反动旧势力的男人们类强奸戏代表苏维埃势力的男人出来解围女人梦到公牛奶牛产奶女人被小牛解救公牛冲向母牛女人护住红旗让男人扯下自己的裙子修车男人们修剪花丛蝗虫与机器的类比征服/占有-受孕新生/诞生新世界用梦转场很棒开头的砍木头分家与中间的新世界砍木头对比最后机器将开头的木头桩(旧世界)摧毁求雨时的滴蜡、动物的口水和乳汁男宣讲员与女秘书速度的加快和减慢以及音乐变化女巫的蟾蜍结尾还是有点刻意了苏联集体农庄宣传片,既有剧情,又有广告。社会主义政治宣传片的模板已经出现了。工农联盟的“总路线”批判国家机器中的官僚主义风气,社会主义劳模有一张标准劳模脸,其他人物都比较脸谱化;拍下了规模养猪、杀猪、最终成肉等工业流水线程序,现代主义、工业美学、机器崇拜是主题。宗教仪式求雨、公牛母牛结婚、比赛割麦子、拖拉机拉着马车跑等环节,情绪饱满。全片最喜欢那头牛“弗姆卡”,从它被集体农庄买进寄予厚望,到最终被毒死,爱森斯坦影片中这种不时出现的小细节很感人。以前的电影比现在真实,乞丐残疾人农民都找的真的。看的时候有种魔幻感:一百年前的人,一百年前的牛和羊,一百年前的荒芜之地。黑白的影片几乎看不见浅色的眼珠,整个眼白望着天,皱着眉,一脸绝望和无奈。原来漫画里的地主画的是真的,肥头大耳,拉长的下巴。已经感觉到剪辑技术的使用了,不是清一色的长镜头。老师说这类电影就是画面最牛,我没看出太多,感觉有几个山坡上的构图很棒。还需修炼。我觉得音乐是最棒的(甚至还有电音)??突然觉得《渔光曲》是真的拍的不错啊!此时的爱森斯坦对蒙太奇的运用已经炉火纯青,使影片的视觉语言既包含了丰富的信息,又充满了渲染力。其他形式的视觉也运用娴熟,比如用苍蝇、水洼、瘦骨嶙峋的牛展现农民的贫穷,用数量众多且体格健壮的动物代表富农的富有。影片的题目叫做《新与旧》,除了是新的农业制度对旧的农业制度的替代,新的农业生产方式对旧的农业生产方式的取代之外,还有另一层含义:新的工农关系的建立。农民只有在工人阶级的领导下才能提高农业生产效率,才是适应新的社会形式。实在是有点冗长了,不过这部确实可以看作爱森斯坦前期创作理念的完全体现,“黄金分割”的结构、蒙太奇的激情(奶油分离器拍得太色情了吧)、演员模特的表演方式以及典型的政宣主题,爱森斯坦特喜欢钻研古怪的摄影角度和构图方式,很多镜头都具有先锋派或表现主义的特点,不过感觉有点滥用剪辑和特写了(基本没啥连贯的动作,大量的静态画面特写),看多了太疲惫了。爱森斯坦是真正电影层面完美定义形式即内容的形式主义大师。也确实可以看到后世香港动作电影蒙太奇和爱森斯坦的关联性,一种脱胎于辩证法理念的充满高速生命动能的蒙太奇,如何转换为纯感官娱乐效果的蒙太奇。牛奶分离机分离出牛奶的那场戏,是影史最具冲击力的关于性能量的一场戏(牛奶=精液),物质生产、生命(性)能量、集体主义、理念被完美的蒙太奇化。7.5/10。①某农村一群贫农(以一女贫农为主)积极响应政府的工农一体和农村公社政策并克服过程中的富农和官僚主义障碍从而成功走上集体致富的道路。②美而诗意的高水平摄影(光影/构图);大量表意上(戏剧性上不一定)高水准的蒙太奇,其中最喜欢使用奶油分离机那段。③作为传统故事片,故事讲的也太昏昏欲睡了;有几段脸部蒙太奇较失效导致比较鬼畜。思维的进步才是电影的进步,制作工艺与技术只是锦上添花。)一群牲口能够让人想起《摩登时代》里的隐喻蒙太奇…被巨大的生活吞噬掉。《旧与新》里太多特写、仰拍,还有一些不知是过渡曝光还是技术问题的瑕疵。配乐极其魔性,可以学习一下各种反应镜头。为劳动进步而欣喜比今天沉重压抑的内卷生活好玩多了,谁不想成为一个可以获得低级趣味的人呢。充满野心的杰作!这片儿用几个人物点缀了因为社会结构变革而带来生产力方面翻天覆地的巨变,由穷苦困顿衣食无着的农耕社会进入了机械化收割农作物的集体农场时代。虽然有些许谄媚之嫌,但是导演从构图上、从摄影上、从剪辑上、从“蒙太奇”上将这个历史变革放大描绘得惟妙惟肖细致入微,尽显导演对于电影非同一般的掌控能力。农业合作社宣传片,朴实无华的女性是最坚定的人!不少叠印,夸张的影像,让人有惊奇之感,这就是陌生化吧?形式比内容更大,爱森斯坦的镜头语言的ego就是太大了,大到你无法忽视,要一帧帧学习呢!最后成排的拖拉机在田野上耕作,宣告富农和官僚作风者必将失败,农业合作社终将获得伟大的胜利!影史名场面——奶油脱脂机。人们经历了从一个时刻到另一时刻的过渡,从不信任到希望到胜利,从空管到第一滴脂,这个过渡随着新质,第一滴胜利脂到到来而加快,这是感人,是跳跃或质的飞跃。有机体是弓,弓的集合,而感人是弦,也是箭,既质的改变和新质的突然出现,他的平方,他的二次方。[收起部分]